In this system, polar organic molecules interact with partially exposed nanowires to form a nanoconverter. The LLNL research team believes that matrix-assisted energy conversion is the next step in eliminating the need for batteries and other external power sources. The best currently available nanogenerators can capture, convert, store, and use the energy inherent in piezoelectrics (mechanical/vibration energy), thermoelectrics (heat energy), and photovoltaics (solar and other light energy). LLNL researchers successfully fabricated two prototype platforms for batteryless chemical detectors using one-dimensional semiconductor nanowires. A self-powering or "batteryless" device can made small enough to serve in unique situations ranging from military to medical applications. This advantage is further enhanced when the nanosensor can harvest its meager power requirements from the surrounding environment. This suggests that nanosensors can provide a distinct advantage over conventional designs. Chemical and biological sensors based on nanowire or nanotube technologies exhibit observable ultrasensitive detection limits due to their unusually large surface-to-volume architecture.
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